
The epistemological foundation for a comprehensive socio, analysis could have various starting points. One is critical realism, which “holds that there is a reality that exists and that facts also exist, but that discovering that reality and establishing facts is problematic” (Morall, 2018, 188). Another is a functionalist standpoint, which holds that diagnoses serve a function that is dependent on society and helps manage uncertainty. Yet another is a phronetic social science approach (Flyvjbjerg, 2001), which maintains that the purpose of the social sciences is to be useful and to increase wisdom. Critical realism combined with a phronetic social science allows one to focus on both seeking what is objectively happening, without reifying various analyses of the subject. Different formulations or sociological diagnoses serve as heuristics rather than anything absolutely objective. Sociological diagnoses should guide and open up possibilities; they should not be set in stone in a way that gives the diagnosis power over the individual as a self, fulfilling prophecy, with thoughts such as “I am a certain way.” Sociological diagnoses should not lead the client to say, “I am alienated, and that’s just the way it is.” In that case, the sociological diagnosis or formulation has led to a cruel pessimism, much like the effect that psychiatric diagnoses can have. Central to a socioanalysis is what it is intended to achieve. The analysis should aim for objectivity to some extent, but also to create an effect in the recipient, namely, that they become motivated through the social interaction that begins with the socioanalysis and the conversation with the sociotherapist. Successful social interaction should generate sufficient emotional energy and cultural capital to set in motion a process of momentum within the client (Collins, 2004). This is most likely the primary factor in what occurs when therapies are successful and a strong alliance has been established between the therapist and the client.